Epoch AI estimates how many concurrent AI agents 2025–27 memory shipments could run
Epoch AI estimates that high-bandwidth memory shipped in 2025–27 could eventually support about 30–170 million concurrent frontier-model agents once fully deployed and allocated. Using DeepSeek V4 Pro serving benchmarks, the estimate rises to about 1.9 billion concurrent agents. The authors compare the implied API-equivalent spending of $2.6–5.3 trillion per year with projected developer revenue of roughly $1 trillion by end-2027, suggesting demand may lag supply.
AIWhy it matters: The analysis converts HBM shipment data into concurrent agent capacity and compares it with projected API revenue, showing where compute buildout may outpace demand.