Karpathy says AI capability gap stems from uneven use and training

Andrej Karpathy argues that people judging AI from free-tier ChatGPT or Advanced Voice Mode miss the strong capabilities of current agentic models like OpenAI Codex and Claude Code.

He says gains are "peaky," concentrated in verifiable technical domains like programming and math that suit reinforcement learning and attract B2B investment, while writing and everyday advice improve less.

Those who use frontier agentic tools professionally in these fields see far greater capability, which is why the two groups talk past each other.